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Working principle of ultra-low residual voltage surge protection device
by admin on: 2025-02-07

Ultra-low residual voltage surge protection device (SPD) is an indispensable protection device in modern electrical systems, which is specially used to prevent instantaneous surge voltage from damaging electronic equipment. Its working principle involves the synergy of multiple electrical components, which can respond to abnormal voltage conditions quickly and effectively.

1. Generation of surge voltage

Surge voltage is usually caused by factors such as lightning strikes, switching operations, equipment failures, etc., and the instantaneous voltage increase can reach thousands of volts. This high voltage not only causes equipment damage, but also may cause electrical fires. Therefore, it is crucial to suppress these surge voltages in a timely and effective manner.

2. Basic composition of SPD

Ultra-low residual voltage SPD usually consists of the following main components:

Metal oxide varistor (MOV): This is the most commonly used protection component. When the voltage exceeds the set threshold, the MOV will quickly turn on and guide the surge current to the ground wire.

Transient voltage suppressor (TVS): TVS devices will quickly turn on when the instantaneous high voltage comes to protect downstream equipment.

Filter: In some designs, filters are also used to suppress high-frequency noise and further improve the stability of the device.

3. Working principle

The working process of ultra-low residual voltage SPD can be summarized as follows:

Monitoring voltage: SPD continuously monitors voltage changes on the power supply line. When the voltage suddenly rises to the set threshold, the SPD immediately recognizes the surge signal.

Quick response: Once a surge is detected, the MOV or TVS quickly turns on to form a low-impedance channel to guide the surge current to the grounding system. This process occurs at the nanosecond level, ensuring that the surge voltage will not cause damage to the connected equipment.

Limiting residual voltage: During the conduction process, the SPD can limit the residual voltage to an extremely low level. This is an important feature of ultra-low residual voltage SPD, which keeps the voltage passing through the device within a safe range.

Recovery state: When the surge voltage disappears, the SPD automatically returns to normal state to ensure the continuity of subsequent power supply.

4. Application scenarios

Ultra-low residual voltage SPD is widely used in the protection of sensitive electronic equipment, such as computers, communication equipment, industrial control systems, etc. They can effectively reduce the failure rate of equipment and extend the service life of equipment.

Surge protection devices play a vital protective role in electrical systems due to their fast response and low output voltage. As electronic equipment has higher requirements for power quality, the application of SPD will become more and more extensive, becoming the basis for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of electrical systems.

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